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fabrication of top-quality devices at   Acknowledgment                     cav it ie s for t he r m al t u n i ng
        low temperatures without limiting    This work was partly supported by     optimization of silicon r ing
        performance compared to traditional   the French National program “IRT     resonators,” IEEE 71st ECTC
        high-temperature CMOS devices. This   Nanoelec, n° ANR-10-AIRT-05 and      (2 0 21) p p. 16 67-1672 , d o i :
        capacity would be useful across a wide   by European Union’s H2020 under the   10.1109/ECTC32696.2021.00264.
        range of applications.             grant agreement n 958472 (Tinker) and   8. S. Borel, et al., “Recent progress
                                           n 780548 (3D-MUSE). This work is        in the development of high-
        Advanced packaging: Toward a       part of the IPCEI Microelectronics and   density TSV for 3-layers CMOS
        European 3D strategy               Connectivity and was supported by the   i m a ge s e n s o r s ,” I E E E 73r d
          Future HPC, artificial intelligence (AI),   French Public Authorities within the   ECTC, Orlando, FL, USA, 2023,
        image sensors, smart displays, etc., will   frame of France 2030.          pp. 1156 -1163, doi: 10.1109/
        be based on advanced packaging and 3D                                      ECTC51909.2023.00198.
        integration of components in increasingly   References                   9.  J. Charbonnier, et al., “High
        complex architectures. The United States   1.  P.  Coud r ai n,  et  al.,  “Act ive   density 3D silicon interposer
        is at the forefront of this trend thanks   interposer technology for chiplet-  technology development and
        to concrete examples from NVIDIA,       b a s e d  a d v a n c e d 3D s y s t e m   electrical characterization for high
        AMD, and Intel. Strong competition also   a rc h i t e ct u re s ,”  I E E E  6 9 t h   end applications,” 4th Electronic
        exists in Asia between giant players like   Ele ct ron ic Component s a nd   System-Integration Tech. Conf.,
        TSMC and Samsung. Europe must reduce    Technology Conference (ECTC),      Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2012,
        the gap with the U.S. and Asia, who     May 2019, pp. 569-578.             pp. 1-7.
        are investing heavily in this advanced   2. https://irtnanoelec.fr/en/  10.  S. Malhouitre, et al., “Bringing
        packaging and 3D. Indeed, performance   3. E. Bourjot, et al., “Integration   pho t o n i c  t e c h n o l o g y  t o
        improvements in the latest semiconductor   and process challenges of self   3D-stacked computing systems,”
        nodes will not be sufficient to deal with   assembly applied to die-to-wafer   PIC MAGAZINE, Issue IV 2023.
        the needs of emerging applications (e.g.,   hybr id bonding,” IEEE 73rd   11.  T. Mourier, et al., “Advanced 3D
        generative AI). Advanced packaging      ECTC (2023), pp. 1397-1402,        integration TSV and f lip chip
        is an alternative path allowing chips   Orlando, FL, USA. doi: 10.1109/    technologies evaluation for the
        fabricated using different technologies   ECTC51909.2023.00239.            packaging of a mobile LiDAR 256
        to be combined to optimize performance   4. J. J. S u a r e z B e r r u , e t a l . ,   channels beam steering device
        and cost of the final “chip” assembly.  “ D e m o n s t r a t io n of a  w a fe r   designed for autonomous driving
                                                level face-to-back (F2B) fine      application,” IEEE 73rd (ECTC)
        Summary                                 pitch Cu- Cu hybr id bonding       (2023), pp. 239-246, doi: 10.1109/
          CEA-Leti is pursuing its historical   with high density TSV for 3D       ECTC51909.2023.00049
        interests in heterogeneous integration   integration applications,” IEEE   12. E .  B o u r j o t ,  e t  a l .,  “ D i r e c t
        and 3D, and developing an ambitious     73rd ECTC (2023) pp. 97-102,       bonding: a key enabler for 3D
        roadmap for system and technology       Orlando, FL, USA. doi: 10.1109/    technologies,” Chip Scale Review,
        co-optimization. To support European    ECTC51909.2023.00025.              Sept/Oct 2022.
        ambitions for the semiconductor       5. Y. Thonnart, et al., “POPSTAR:   13.  E. Bourjot, et al., “Challenges
        industry,  we  have  also  established   A  robust  modular optical NoC    with self-assembly applied to die-
        partnerships with other European        architecture for chiplet-based 3D   to-wafer hybrid bonding,” Chip
        research and technology organizations   integrated systems,” Proc. of the   Scale Review, Sept/Oct 2023.
        (RTOs), like imec, Fraunhofer Institute,   2020 Design, Automation and   14.  T. Mota-Frutososo, “3D sequential
        and Tyndall. As part of this, CEA-Leti   Test in Europe Conference and     integration with Si CMOS stacked
        has joined PREVAIL, the multi-hub       Exhibition (2020).                 on 28nm industrial FDSOI with
        Test and Experimentation Facility for   6. D. Saint Patrice, et al., “Process   Cu-ULK iBEOL featuring RO
        edge AI hardware [15]. In addition to   i n t e g r a t i o n  o f pho t o n i c   and  HDR  pixel,”  International
        technological developments, we are also   inter poser  for  chiplet-based   E l e c t r o n D e v i c e s M e e t i ng
        addressing environmental challenges     3D systems,” IEEE 73rd ECTC        (IEDM), San Francisco, CA,
        through life-cycle assessments of       (2023) pp. 5-12, doi: 10.1109/     USA, 2023, pp. 1-4, doi: 10.1109/
        technologies, low-power systems enabled   ECTC51909.2023.00009.            IEDM45741.2023.10413864
        by 3D, exploration of chip re-use, etc.  7.  P. Tissier, et al., “Back side   15.  https://prevail-project.eu/


                       Biography
                         Jean-Charles Souriau is a scientist leader in the field of wafer-level packaging for more than 20 years at CEA-
                       Leti, Grenoble, France. He has worked at the Electronics and Information Technology Laboratory, French
                       Atomic Energy Commission, Micro and Nanotechnologies Campus. He is chair of the French chapter of the
                       IEEE Electronics Packaging Society and Technical Director of IMAPS France. He received the PhD degree in
                       physics from the U. of Grenoble, France in 1993. Email jean-charles.souriau@cea.fr



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