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T h e  f i n al  o p t i m i z e d  r e s u l t s
        we r e a ch ieve d by r e pla ci ng t he
        ground probes with probes of larger
        dimensions than the signal probe
        (inversion probe placement)  and
        changing the probe orientation inside
        the probe head. A large ground probe
        enables the same retur n loss and
        insertion loss improvement without
        decreasing cross-talk performance.
        In addition, the rotation of the probe
        placement by 45°, as shown in Figure
        6, will further improve the cross-
        talk performance of the setup so that   Figure 5: Probe array with enlarged probes: a) (left) Enlarged placement of non-rotated probes; and b) (right)
        it approximates the performance of a   Probe placement positions.
        Faraday cage.
          High-end probe card features.
        The new concept of using cross-
        section optimization and a Faraday
        cage must be integrated with all other
        technologies needed by high-end
        probe cards to achieve all the features
        required by a high-end device. A
        collaboration effort with Technoprobe
        was established to develop a product
        line of hybrid probe solutions called
        Merlion. This new probe solution
        featured the Technoprobe patented
        HiP architecture whereby additional   Figure 6: Probe cross-section physical constraints: a) (left) Inversion probe placement of rotated probes; and
                                           b) (right) Probe placement positions.
        features are inserted in the probe
        head with the aim of distributing the
        current more evenly at power (PWR)
        and ground (GND) levels (Figure
        7). SA2 probe alloy was adopted as
        the probe material. SA2 provided
        high strength and high conductivity
        coupled with low and stable contact
        resistance. The extended lifetime
        (XLT) probe head design is also
        being integrated into the probe head   Figure 7: Techoprobe HIP architecture.
        desig n to extend the probe head
        lifetime (Figure 8). The combination
        of HIP and SA2 resulted in a high
        cu r rent- ca r r y i ng capacit y probe
        solution that was able to support
        the coming challenges in probing
        applications for HPC with a lower
        cost of ownership when using the
        XLT solution.
          Probe head resonant optimization.   Figure 8: Techoprobe XLT architecture.
        The cross-section tuning and Faraday
        cage concept have been applied to
        different probe classes to evaluate
        performance (i.e., the probe’s self-
        r e s o n a nc e  f r e q ue nc y  i s  l e n g t h
        dependent and therefore, probe-class
                                           Figure 9: External loopback channel model.

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