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of systems technologies, products and applications. The initial
pains in setting up manufacturing and R&D infrastructure
will lead to long-term gains. India, unlike most countries, is
capable of massive R&D gains because of its large number of
top-notch academic institutions that have already produced
the very best global leaders that are heading up the largest
corporations in the world. All of this will happen only if India
can correct its manufacturing infrastructure in areas such as
materials, chemicals, gases, water and power, as well as correct
its deficiencies in R&D infrastructure.

Acknowledgments
The author thanks The Ministers of Meity agency for giving
me this opportunity and the faculty from the 13 Indian Institutes
working with me.

Figure 5: Emerging next-generation of system technology R&D at many of the Biography
IITs and the IISc in India. SOURCE: Prof. R. Tummala Rao R. Tummala is the founding Director and Distinguished
Emeritus Professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology,
electronics revolution. The $10B set aside, however, will attract only 3D Systems Packaging Research Center, Atlanta, GA. Prior
5-10 companies that will manufacture legacy device and packaging to that, he was an IBM Fellow and Director of the Advanced
nodes from the past. So, how will India bring about and sustain the Packaging Technology Lab at IBM. He received his PhD in
next-generation of manufacturing? One way to attract a large number Materials Science and Engineering at the U. of Illinois. Email
of companies is by Indian Institutions performing large-scale, rtummala@ece.gatech.edu
comprehensive and leading-edge R&D, consistent with the next-
generation of global industry needs. This is beginning to happen at
many IITs and the IISc as shown in Figure 5 as a result of my many
trips to organize and form interdisciplinary faculty teams across
India in these 12 SRTs.

Status of integrated systems packaging in India
India has some of the best academic institutions in the world.
It also has young, energetic, innovative and hardworking faculty.
These faculty from the IITs and the IISc shown on the Indian
map (Figure 5) have already performed world class R&D in
selective systems technologies. These areas include: compound
semiconductors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS),
sensor and microfluidic research, photonic integrated circuits, low-
temperature bonding of Cu to Cu, and 3D stacking with through-
silicon vias (TSVs), advances in etching of nonconductive materials,
electroplating through-glass vias (TGVs) for 3D, metal-based
encapsulation for MEMS and solid-liquid interdiffusion (SLID)
bonding, packaging of a wide variety of MEMS devices, stacking
of ultra-thin complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)
devices, transfer of GaN devices onto Cu substrates, packaging-
related educational programs, as well as an MTech program in
semiconductors and packaging. These are all foundational world-
class R&D and educational programs upon which to build new
industry-driven programs.

Summary
India is poised to be a global player in the short term, and
perhaps a global leader in the long term in integrated systems
from R&D to manufacturing—serving both domestic and
foreign markets. It already has world-class design and software
expertise and, when combined with the new manufacturing and
R&D initiative, it is bound to be successful in the total stack

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